Illegal Opcode Support for the Final Cartridge III Monitor
The monitor built into the Final Cartridge III is one of the best ones for the C64. Some of its unique features are:
Commodore Peripheral Bus: Part 4: Standard Serial
In the series about the variants of the Commodore Peripheral Bus family, this article covers the lowest two layers (electrical and byte transfer) of the “Standard Serial” bus as found on the VIC-20/C64 as the main bus, but also supported by all other Commodore home computers.
GEOS Demo [GIF]
The GEOS operating system for the Commodore 64 achieved to replicate much of the GUI of the original Macintosh on a 1 MHz 8 bit CPU with just 64 KB of RAM. The GEOS Demo is a presentation by Berkeley Softworks (BSW), the creators of GEOS, to showcase the features of GEOS and BSW’s applications.
The Commodore 8250 Dual Drive Floppy Disk
The Commodore 8250 was the high-end 5.25″ disk system for the Commodore PET, with two drives that could each fit 1 MB (4133 blocks free) on a standard disk. Here are some high-res pictures.
Commodore 264 Series Preliminary Users Manual [PDF]
This is the previously unpublished “Commodore 264 Series Preliminary Users Manual”, a prerelease version of the manual of what came to be the Commodore Plus/4.
Prototype Commodore 232 and 264 Computers
Here are some hi-res photos of the Commodore 232 and Commodore 264 prototypes. The C-232 and C-264 were two1 of the planned models of the TED series, but neither shipped. The C-264 became the Plus/4, with productivity software preinstalled in ROM, and the low-lost C-232 was replaced by the even lower-cost C16 and C116 models.
Third Party Disk Drives for the C64: The "Technica"
I have previously analyzed the ROM images of some third party disk drives for the Commodore 64: The result was that most of them were just using the original binaries with some obfuscation, and some with some added features. This time, let’s look at another drive, the “Technica”, which is a little special in this regard.
Das Maschinensprache-Buch zum Commodore 64 [PDF]
Reconstructing the GEOS 2.0 (de) Master Images from a Pile of Broken Disks
I have this pile of broken GEOS disks that were sent in for replacements. In two previous articles (1, 2), I explored the reasons why the disks broke. Now let’s be constructive: Can we reconstruct the original bits by combining the correct parts? This article shows how it is possible with the help of a small tool that combines the good parts of several broken disk images.
Building and Hacking on the C64 KERNAL & BASIC with Modern Tools
The original Commodore 64 KERNAL and BASIC source code has been available for a while. It used to be built using Commodore’s assembler of a PET.
A GEOS Speed Zone Bug? (Why Do C64 GEOS Boot Disks Break, Part 2)
I happened to come across 50 original German GEOS 2.0 disks that were broken and sent in for replacement. In the first part, I covered the disks that were broken probably due to user error. Now let’s look at the read errors on the remaining disks. As it turns out, there might be a bug in GEOS that caused the boot disks to break!
Why Do C64 GEOS Boot Disks Break? (Part 1)
The most fragile things in the universe (next to C64 PLA chips) are C64 GEOS boot disks. Because of its copy-protection, the “Graphic Environment Operating System” had to be booted from the original disk every time. The disk failed so often that the box came with a second “backup” boot disk.
Reading the Raw Bits of a C64/1541 Disk without a Parallel Cable
An unmodified Commodore 1541 disk drive cannot transfer the raw bits of a whole track to the computer it is attached to: The Commodore Serial Bus is too slow to transmit the data in real time as it arrives from the read head, and the drive only has 2 KB of RAM, which is not enough to buffer the 8 KB of a whole track.
Making of the Book "Anatomy of the 4040 Disk Drive"
To my surprise, Hilaire Gagne, the author of “Anatomy of the 4040 Disk Drive”, commented on my blog post about the reconstruction of his book.
Refilling a Commodore MPS 1550 C Ribbon Cartridge
An empty ribbon of the 9-pin printer Commodore MPS 1550 C (which is mechanically identical with the Olivetti DM 105) can easily be refilled using stamp pad ink. Here is how:
Fitting 44% More Data on a C64/1541 Floppy Disk
The physical data format on a Commodore 1541 5¼-inch floppy disk as used by the C64 is completely defined in software. The drive’s operating system fits 170 KB on a disk. This article explores different strategies, each with its pros and cons, to fit up to 246 KB.
The Ultimate Game Boy Talk [slides]
The Game Boy is turning 30. To celebrate this, I’m releasing the slides of my “Ultimate Game Boy Talk”, which you may use freely. (Please give credit & point me to derived content.)
Converting the "Competition Pro Extra USB" to C64/Amiga/Atari DB9
- Updated 2025-05-09: Added “SL-6602-TBE” pinout. Thanks a lot to Jörg Knitter!
- Updated 2022-03-09: Added “SL-6603-TWT” pinout. Thanks a lot to Risto K!
- Updated 2022-01-26: Added “V2” pinout.
- Updated 2022-01-22: Added “SL-6603-SPORTS-DE” pinout.
- Updated 2022-01-14: Added “SL-6603-SBK” and “KOKA” pinouts.
- Updated 2022-01-06: Added new “V3” and “V04T” pinouts and instructions on how to use a joystick extension cable.
Speedlink makes several versions of the Competition Pro joystick that have all the physical properties and the excellent switches of the original Competition Pro, but come with a USB interface:
Ultimate Commodore 64 BASIC & KERNAL ROM Disassembly
My side-by-side C64 ROM disassembly/commentary page has been completely redone!
Visualizing Commodore 1541 Disk Contents
G64 files are C64/1541 disk images that contain all bits as they are physically laid out on the 5¼-inch floppy disk. Let’s visualize them!